Kana chisungo chekubatanidza chikakundikana, nhanho dzedu dzekutanga dzinowanzobatanidza kuongorora kana simba rekunamatira rakakwana, kurapwa kwepamusoro kwakakodzera, kupfekedzwa kwakakwana, uye zvinhu hazvina kukwegura.
Nekudaro, mumashandisirwo einjiniya chaiwo, kumwe kukundikana hakutangire pakutumwa chete; asi, njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzatovepo kana chinonamira chanyatsopora.
Iyi njodzi inogona kuvepo kuvepo kwekunetseka kwemukati kwasara.
Hazvioneki uye zvakaoma kuzviyera zvakananga, asi kwete zvisinganzwisisike mumasikirwo. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, adhesive inopinda shrinkage panguva yekurapa uye kutonhora; kana iyo yakapoteredza substrate inodzivisa kushanduka kwayo kwekusununguka, chikamu chisingaverengeki chinova chisara chekushungurudzika mukati memutsetse wekunamatira.
Nhasi, ndichakutungamirirai mose mukunyatsonzwisisa pfungwa iyi.
0 1 Sei uchiidzidza?
Njodzi dzekushushikana kwemukati ndedze "simba-kuchengetedza" hunhu.
Pakurapa, iyo inonamira layer inochengeta chikamu che elastic strain simba. Iri simba rinoshanda sesimba riri pasi pekutyaira kune inotevera interfacial delamination, microcrack propagation, uye warping deformation.
Tora interface delamination uye delamination semienzaniso: kushushikana kwemukati kunoungana pamusoro pebasa rekushanda, zvichiita kuti kushushikana chaiko kupfuure dhizaini-yakaverengerwa kukosha kwechiyero. Nemamwe manzwi, kunyangwe iyo yekunamira isati yatanga sevhisi yepamutemo, iyo interface inenge yatove pasi pekunyanyisa pre-tensioning.
Mumwe muenzaniso ndeyekudonha kwechokwadi, izvo zvinoratidzira zvakanyanya kukanganisa kumagungano chaiwo semarobhoti, mota, uye zvinhu zvemaziso.
Nzvimbo yemagnetic core mumotor, kurongeka kwezvikamu zvemaziso, uye kukura kwezvikamu zvemuumbirwo zvese zvinogona kukukurwa-kwenguva refu nekuda kwekubuda zvishoma nezvishoma kwemukati memukati. Kana zvikamu zvakatanga kuenderana panguva yekuungana asi zvichiratidza kutsauka mushure memazana emaawa ekushanda, nyaya dzakadai dzinowanzobva mukuvapo kwekushushikana kwemukati.
Uyezve, hupenyu hwekuneta hunoderedzwa. Kushushikana kwemukati kunomiririra kureba-yenguva yeavhareji yekushushikana pamwero unodzikisira hupenyu hwekuneta. Iko kusanganiswa kwekushisa bhasikoro, humidity, uye vibration kazhinji kunotungamira kumamiriro ezvinhu apo zvigadzirwa zvinopfuura kuyedzwa kwekutanga asi zvichitadza panguva yekugadzirwa kwakawanda.
Naizvozvo, kushushikana kwemukati haisi nyaya yechipiri asi chakanyanya chinodiwa chekuvimbika kwekubatana. Iyo inosarudza kwete chete kana kunamatira kunogona kuitika, asiwo kwenguva yakareba sei chisungo chinoramba chakasimba pashure pacho.
0 2Kushushikana kwemukati kunotangira pai?
Kuti unzwisise kushushikana kwemukati, munhu anofanira kutanga anzwisisa kwaakabva.
Kushushikana kwemukati panguva yekurapa kwekunamira kunobva pamhando mbiri dzemhando dzinoratidza tsika yekubvumirana asi zvisingaite.
Chikamu chekutanga kurapa shrinkage, inozivikanwawo semakemikari shrinkage.
Mune mvura monomers, mamorekuru anochengetedza kusangana kuburikidza ne van der Waals masimba (kusasimba kusangana). Hapana chemikemikari zvisungo pakati pemaatomu emamorekuru maviri; zvinongovepo zviri padyo, zvine chinhambwe chinenge 0.3–0.4 nm (inomiririra huwandu hwe van der Waals radii yemamorekuru ose ari maviri).
Munguva yepolymerization reaction, covalent zvisungo zvinoumbwa pakati pe monomers. Kutora iyo yakajairika C-C imwechete bond semuenzaniso, kureba kwayo kwechisungo kunosvika 0.154 nm. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mamorekuru maviri akatanga akapatsanurwa nechinhambwe chingangoita 0.35 nm ave kuunganidzwa nechisimba necovalent bond ine hurefu hunosvika 0.15 nm-zvichikonzera kudzikiswa kwechinhambwe chepakati nepakati neinopfuura hafu. (Mufananidzo)
Payero ye macroscopic, kudhonzwa panguva imwe chete kwematiririyoni emhando dzakadaro dzemamorekuru kunoratidza kuderedzwa kwevhoriyamu. Uyu ndiwo mhedzisiro yemuviri isingakwanise kudzivirirwa zvachose mune chero yekuwedzera polymerization reaction.
Chikamu chechipiri ndechekupisa kusawirirana kwekushushikana.
Mazhinji anonamira anoda kudziyisa kuti arapwe. Mushure mekurapa, kana yatonhodzwa kubva pakupisa kusvika kune tembiricha yekamuri, iyo yekupisa yekuwedzera coefficients yekunamatira uye substrate inosiyana.
Iyo yekupisa yekuwedzera coefficient yeanonamira inowanzo kukwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yezvinhu zvepasi senge simbi, magineti, uye ceramics. Munguva yekutonhodza, iyo inonamira inoita kuti ienderere mberi, asi iyo yepasi zvinhu inodzivirira iyo yemahara contraction, nekudaro ichidzora iyo inonamira layer uye inokonzera kusara kwemukati kushushikana.
Pfungwa inonyanya kukosha pano ndiyo gel point.
Pamberi peiyo gel point, iyo yekunamatira inoramba iri mvura uye inogona kuyerera. Munguva iyi, kunyangwe kana chibvumirano chikaitika, izvo zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa deformation kuburikidza nekuyerera, kurongazve, uye kuzadza, nekudaro kuderedza kuunganidzwa kwemukati kushushikana.
Mushure meiyo gel point, mamiriro ezvinhu anochinja. Matatu-dimensional network inotanga kuumba mukati meinamira, uye zvinhu zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoshanduka kubva pamvura kuenda kune yakasimba. Panguva ino, iyo inonamira layer inowana mutoro-inotakura simba uye inotanga "kurangarira" zvinotevera kuderera uye deformation zviitiko.
Mune mamwe mazwi, chikamu chechibvumirano chinoitika mushure meiyo gel point inonyatso kukonzeresa kuburitsa kushushikana kwemukati.
Sezvo nguva ichifambira mberi, zvinhu zvinowedzera kusimba, uye Tg yayo inoramba ichikwira. Kana iyo Tg ichipfuura tembiricha yekushanda ikozvino, iyo yekunamatira layer inoshanduka kubva kune rubbery state kuenda kune girazi.
Pakupinda girazi mamiriro, iyo modulus yeadhesive layer inowedzera nekukurumidza, ichiita kuti cheni chikamu chekufamba chiome; nokudaro, chikamu chekushushikana kwaimbokwanisa kusunungurwa chinotonyanya kuoma kuburitsa.
Naizvozvo, kushushikana kwemukati kunogona kungonzwisiswa se:
Pamberi peiyo gel point: contraction inogona kuitika pasina kukonzeresa kusagadzikana.
Mushure meiyo gel point: gel layer inotanga kuumba network, uye shrinkage inotevera inodzivirirwa.
Mushure me vitrification: izvo zvinhu zvinova zvakaomarara, nemacheni ayo emamorekuru asingafambi, zvichiita kuti kusunungurwa kuwedzere kuoma.
Sezvatinoziva tese:
Stress=Modulus × Kuonda
Pakupedzisira kushushikana kwemukati ≈ inoshanda modulus × (post-gelation kurapa shrinkage + thermal mismatch deformation) - kusunungurwa kusunungurwa
Heat mismatch deformation inogona kungonzwisiswa se:
Thermal mismatch deformation ≈ (kupisa kwekuwedzera coefficient yeanonamatira - thermal yekuwedzera coefficient ye substrate) × inoshanda musiyano wekushisa
Kungobatana chete uye kusawirirana kwekupisa kunoitika mushure meiyo gel point, yakapetwa neinoenderera ichiwedzera modulus, kubvisa chikamu chinoburitswa kuburikidza nekuzorora panguva yekuita, inoumba yekupedzisira mambure emukati kushushikana.
Ichi zvakare chikonzero nei kushushikana kwemukati kuchinetsa kudzidza: hakungomuka kamwe kamwe asi kunoungana zvishoma nezvishoma panguva yekurapa uye kutonhora maitiro. Mukuita uku kwese, shrinkage, tembiricha, modulus, uye kugona kwechinhu kuburitsa kushushikana zvese zvinoramba zvichichinja.
03 Maitiro ekuita: Tanga kuyera "mhedzisiro," wozoyera "chikonzero."
Izvozvi zvinozivikanwa zvakanyanya kuti kushushikana kwemukati hakumuke nekukasira panguva imwe chete, asi kunounganidza zvishoma nezvishoma panguva yekurapa uye kutonhora maitiro.
Yese parameter pano inogara ichichinja: chiyero chechibvumirano, tembiricha, modulus, uye kunyangwe kugona kwechinhu kuburitsa kushushikana zvese zvinosiyana.
Nokudaro, chimiro chekushushikana kwemukati hachigoni kuvimba chete nenhamba imwe chete yenhamba; inofanira kupindura mibvunzo miviri panguva imwe chete:
Kutanga, inguvai yekushushikana kana deformation inosara pamagumo?
Chechipiri, kushushikana uku kunoumbwa sei panguva yekurapa?
Kana zvasvika kunzira dzekuyedza, dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri.
Chimwe chikamu chinosanganisira kuyerwa kwakananga kwekushushikana kana deformation mhedzisiro, nepo imwe inoyera zvinhu zvemukati maparamendi kuti atange mamodheru.
Chikamu 1: Kuyera kwakananga kwekushushikana kana deformation zvabuda
Iyi nzira inotarisa pakuona kuwanda kwe deformation kana kusara kwekushushikana kunokonzerwa muchimiro mushure mekunge chinamatira chapora.
Nzira yemhando yepamusoro ndeye cantilever beam kana bimaterial beam bending approach. Adhesive inoshandiswa kune dzakatetepa simbi mapepa, silicon wafers, kana zvimwe substrate zvinhu; panguva yekurapa, adhesive shrinkage inoita kuti substrate ikotame. Nekuyera curvature munguva chaiyo uye nekushandisa nzira inofanana neStoney's equation, avhareji yekushushikana mukati meiyo inonamira layer inogona kuverengerwa. Iyi nzira inopa zvakanakira kuva anonzwisisa uye zvakanaka-kusimbiswa, zvichiita kuti muonekwe wemacurves anoratidza kuti kushushikana kunosiyana sei nenguva yekurapa.
Iko kune zvakare iyo fiber Bragg grating (FBG) maitiro. Nekumisikidza optical fibers mukati meiyo gel layer, kunetsa mukati meiyo gel kunogona kuyerwa munguva chaiyo. Iyi nzira inopa kuratidzwa kwakanyatsojeka kweiyo gel yemukati mamiriro kana ichienzaniswa neyepamusoro deformation kuyerwa chete, kunyangwe ichisanganisira yakakwira mutengo uye hukuru hwekushanda hwakaoma.
Poresa kushushikana kwekutarisa mune akaumbwa laminates uchishandisa yakagoverwa Optical sensor (Mufananidzo sosi)
Kune zvinonamira zvinoonekera, photoelasticity kana birefringence nzira dzinogona kushandiswawo kuona kupararira kwekusagadzikana kuburikidza nestress-induced birefringence.
Pamusoro pezvo, nzira dzakaita sekuchera, core sampling, X-ray diffraction (XRD), neutron scattering, uye Raman shift analysis inogonawo kushandiswa pasi pemamiriro chaiwo ekuyera kushushikana kwasara kana kusarongeka.