Kemikari yemvura mbiri-chikamu chinopupa chinowanzoumbwa nechikamu A (isocyanate component) nechikamu B (polyol component). Mushure mekusanganisa, zvikamu zviviri izvi zvinoita kuti zvibudise furo. Izvi zvinotevera ongororo chaiyo:
1.Chikamu A (isocyanate chikamu)
• Zvikamu zvikuru: polyisocyanates, iyo inowanzonzi toluene diisocyanate (TDI) uye diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), kuwedzera kune polymeric MDI (PAPI).
• Basa: Se "crosslinking agent" yezvinoitwa, inopindirana neboka rehydrogen rinoshanda muchikamu B uye ndiro musimboti wezvakagadzirwa zvekugadzira foam chimiro.
2.Chikamu B (polyol chikamu)
Iine akasiyana ezvikamu zvinotora chikamu mukuita uye kugadzirisa foam zvivakwa:
• Mapolyols: akadai sepolyether polyol nepolyester polyol, anopa hydroxyl (-OH) uye anopindirana ne-NCO boka reisocyanate, richigadzira hwaro hwefoam skeleton.
• Foaming agent: inogadzira gasi kuwedzera musanganiswa uye kuumba mabubbles. Zvakajairwa kuburitsa furo zvinhu (semuenzaniso, zvinotsiva Freon, cyclopentane) uye makemikari anoita furo (semuenzaniso, mvura, inopindirana neisocyanate kuti ibudise kabhoni dhayokisaidhi).
• Catalyst: Inokurumidza kuita, yakadai seamine catalyst (inokurudzira kubuda furo) uye organotin catalyst (inokurudzira gel reaction).
• Surfactants: kudzikamisa chimiro chefuro uye kudzivirira furo kubva pakuputika. Kazhinji kazhinji siloxane makomisheni.
• Zvimwe zvinowedzera: zvakadai semoto retardants, fillers, colorants, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinowedzerwa maererano nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa kuvandudza murazvo wemoto, simba uye zvimwe zvinhu zvefuro.
3.Reaction Principle
Kana zvikamu A neB zvasanganiswa, mapoka eNCO eisocyanate anoita ne-OH mapoka emapolols nemvura, achibudisa gasi (inopupuma) kuita furo rine porous. Iwo chaiwo mareshiyo uye mhando dzezvikamu zvinotaridza kuwanda kwefuro, kuoma, kupisa kwekudzivirira zvimiro, uye humwe hunhu. Izvi zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowana mashandisirwo akawandisa mumasisitimu ekudzivirira, zvigadziriso zvekurongedza, kugadzira fenicha, uye maindasitiri ane hukama.