Gore ra1863 risati rasvika, masilicon ese-aine makomboni anozivikanwa uye aishandiswa nevanhu aive akasanganiswa nesilicon, kusanganisira nesilicon chaiyo-yakagadzirwa neyakashandurwa kuita zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvakaita semakeramu, simende, nemagirazi. Muna 1863, maFrench chemist C. Feidedel naJM raft vakagadzira tetraethyl silane nekuita kwe ethyl zinc nesilicon tetrafluoride muchubhu yakavharwa. Yaiva yekutanga organosilicon komboni munhoroondo. Izvi zvakaratidzawo kutanga kwe organosilicon chemistry.
Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, makemikari anoramba achigadzira nyowani organosilicon makomisheni. Pakati pavo, zvakakosha kutaura nezveA. Lamenberg, inoshandisa ethyl orthosilicate kutsiva silicon tetrachloride uye kuita nealkyl zinc kuti iwane organosilicon compounds ine mono -, II -, uye III silicon functionals, uye A.Polis, iyo inogadzirisa yekutanga ese{5}}arylnysilane, tetrapheral, tetrapheral. Mukati memakore makumi mana kusvika muna 1903, kunyangwe pasina budiriro yetekinoroji yakanyatso kusimudzira kusikwa kwesilicone yakagadzirwa, vemakemikari vakaita basa rakawanda rekupayona panguva iyi. Nokudaro, iyi nhanho inogona kuonekwa senguva yekutanga yesilicone.
Iye ane mukurumbira weBritish chemist FSKipping anoonekwa semuvambi we organosilicon chemistry. Kubva 1898 kusvika 1944, vakaita tsvakiridzo yakadzama uye{5}yakadzama mundima iyi uye vakaramba vachiburitsa mapepa anechekuita makumi mashanu nerimwe muJournal of the Chemical Society of the United Kingdom.
Muna 1904, W neGerman chemist Dithey vakawana vakazvimiririra kuti organosilicon makomisheni anogona kugadzirwa kuburikidza nekuita kweGrignard. Iyi nzira yakavandudzwa zvakanyanya pane yakamboita simbi-organic synthesis nzira nekuda kwekushanda kwayo nyore, goho guru, kuwanda kwekushandisa uye kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya. Iyi nzira inogona kushandiswa kugadzira akasiyana siyana e organosilicon makomisheni ane akasiyana silicon functionalities
Kip{{0}ping yakagadzira nhamba huru-yakatsanangurwa organosilicon makomboni nekushandisa nzira iyi. Iyi nzira yakava hwaro hweiyo organosilicon indasitiri mune ramangwana, uye inoramba iri imwe yedzakanyanya kukosha nzira dzekubatanidza organosilicon nhasi. RMgCl+SiCl- RSiCl:+RSiCl+R:SiC1+ RSi +MgCl,(2.3)Kipping synthesized organochlorosilanes uchishandisa nzira yeGrignard reagent ndokuona kuti yaigona kugadzikiswa nehydrolyzed kuita silanols. Panguva imwecheteyo, akacherechedzawo kuti silanediol uye siltriol yaigona kuenderera mberi ne intermolecular condensation kuti iite mapolymers. Nekudaro, semuongorori wemakemikari, haana kuterera nezvekuita uku uye akatovenga izvi zvigadzirwa zvepolymer. Nokudaro, haana kudzidzidza. Panyaya iyi, Dilthey akaita basa rine musoro: akaita kuti diphenylsilanediol awane hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane. Iyi ndiyo yekutanga cyclic polysiloxane compound yakataurwa munhoroondo. Ndiyo mavambo mukugadzirwa kwesiliconar linear-oxane, uye kuuya kwayo kwaita basa rakanaka mukusimudzira kugadzirwa kwe organosilicon polymers.
Kubva 1904 kusvika 1937, masayendisiti haana kungogadzira akawanda akareruka organosilicon makomisheni asiwo akagadzira cyclic uye linear polysiloxysaccharides. Pamusoro pezvo, A.Stock yakawana akawanda silanhydrides mukutsvagisa kwakakosha uye yakatanga kuumbwa kweasymmetric silicon atomu makomisheni. Makumi matatu apfuura anga ari nguva yekukura kweorganosilicon chemistry.
Mushure memakore ekuma1930 veChemist vakatanga kuona mashandisirwo angaite epamusoro-mamolecular organosilicon compounds. Vatsvakurudzi vepakutanga-tanga munyaya iyi vaisanganisira JFHyde weCorning Glass Company muUnited States, WJ Petnode naEGrochow veGeneral Electric (GE) muUnited States, uye KA weyaimbova Soviet Union Andrianov neBNDolgov, R. Miller kubva kuGermany, nezvimwewo.
Hyde, zvinopesana nemaonero aKipping, aive wekutanga kusanganisa organosilicon chemistry nepolymer chemistry. Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwake, Corning Inc. yakagadzira silicone resins, coatings, impregnating agents uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvepolyorganosiloxane zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi ekudzivirira girazi jira. Zvichakadaro, DowChemicals yekuUnited States yakatangawo tsvakiridzo yekugadzirwa kwepolyorganosiloxanes uye yakamisa zvirimwa zvekutyaira dimethyl silicone oiri uye methyl phenyl silicone resin muna 1942. Panguva iyoyo, organochlorosilane monomers ainyanya kugadzirwa nenzira yeGrignard, saka kupihwa kwemamonomers kwakava iro bhodhoro guru panguva yekugadzirwa kwepolymer. Muna 1940, Rochow akagadzira "direct synthesis method" yemethylsilane ndokunyorera patent. Iyi nzira haishandisi zvinonyungudutsa. Igasi-solid phase reaction apo chloromethane inopinzwa musilicon powder ine copper catalyst (Equation 2.4). Panguva ino, kemisiti wekuGerman Muller akanyorerawo patent yakafanana, asi zuva rekutanga raive mwedzi mipfumbamwe gare gare pane raRochow. Uyu mupiro wakatanhamara wakamutsa shanduko huru mukugadzirwa kwesilicone uye yakasimudzira kuenderera mberi kweindasitiri yesilicone.
Muna 1943, Dow Chemical Company neCorning Inc. vakabatana vakabatana pasi-kambani ine mukurumbira yesilicone nyanzvi - Dow Corning Corporation, uye mugore rimwe chetero, fekitori yekugadzira polyorganosiloxanes yakavakwa muMdand, Michigan, USA. Nenguva isipi kambani yakagadzira DC#4 ignition sealing material ndokuiisa kune-ndege dzakakwirira. Gare gare, kambani yakagadzira akawanda marudzi esilicone resin, coatings, shockproof mafuta, mafuta ekuzora, defoamers uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa. Muna 1947, General Electric Company yakagadzirawo organosilicon division, iyo yakagadzira organosilicon gasi nenzira yakananga uye yakagadzira polysiloxane zvigadzirwa. Tekinoroji yekugadzira yeGeneral Electric Company yakagamuchirwa neakazotevera silicone mafekitori.
Tsvagiridzo mumunda wesilicone polima mune yaimbova Soviet Union yaive yakanyanya kunaka, kunyanya Andrianov. Pamusoro pekuita basa rakawanda pamapolysiloxane mapolymers uye kubatanidza akawanda organosilicon polymers ane inoshanda application kukosha, akaunzawo zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita seboron, aluminium, titanium, tin uye phosphorus mu polysiloxane chimiro chekugadzirisa. Ndiye zvakare munhu wekutanga kushandisa silazane sejira risingapindi mvura.
Mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika II, nekuda kwekubudirira kwekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvesilicone mukugadzirwa kwemauto, indasitiri yesilicone yakakura nekukurumidza uye kugadzirwa kwayo kwese kwakatanga nzira yakajairwa. Mumakore ekuma1950, makambani ekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvesilicone akatevedzana akagadzwa munyika dzakasiyana siyana. Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvesilicone polymer zvinhu, zvakadai sesilicone rabha (kusanganisira yakakwirira-kupisa kupora rabha, kamuri tembiricha inopisa rabha, transparent silicone rabha, mafuta{4}}resistant fluorosilicone rubber, etc.), diffusion pombi mafuta, laminating resin, emulsion, silicone surfactant, }silicone surfactant, 6} antiking arabha.{ yakabuda imwe pashure peimwe.
Pakati pa1938 na1965, zvose mudzidziso nekushandiswa; Organosilicon chemistry iri kufambira mberi nekukurumidza mumamonomers uye mapolymers. Pano, pfungwa dzinokosha dzinofanira kusimbiswa dzinosanganisira: silicylation reactions, hydrosilylation reactions, tsvakurudzo ye photoactive organosilicon compounds, synthesis of organosilicon compounds ine carbon functional groups, kuongorora maitiro ekugadzirisa, kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro epolymerization, pamwe nekubuda kunotevedzana kwesilicone mafuta, silicone rubber, uye coupling agents, etc. Hapana mubvunzo kuti danho iri raive silicone yekusimudzira
Kubva 1965, pamusoro pekubatanidza, kusimudzira, kuvandudza nekushandisa izvo zviripo, vanhu vakatendeukira kumunda mutsva we organosilicon chemistry. Pakati pazvo, zvinozivikanwa zvinosanganisira: organosilicon stereochemistry, organosilicon compounds with physiological activity, cyclic and linear polysilanes, different silicon-containing reaction intermediates, unsaturated bond compounds of silicon, ternary ring compounds dzine silicon, silicon-metal bond compounds, polysquipolymer blockers, coquipolymer blockers. silicon-ine dendritic uye hyperbranched polymer compounds, nezvimwewo. Muindasitiri yesilicone, chiyero chekugadzirwa kwesilicone monomers nemapolima chiri kuramba chichiwedzera, tekinoroji yekugadzira iri kuramba ichivandudza, uye mutengo wekugadzira uri kuramba uchidzikira. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvigadzirwa zvesilicone zviwedzere kukwikwidza. Kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda-zvinoshanda uye zvepamusoro-zvinoita silicone silicone, zvakaita sekurapa, conductive uye thermally conductive polysiloxanes, zvakaramba zvichiwedzera nzvimbo yazvo yekushandisa. Zvigadzirwa zveSilicone zvinogara zvichipinda munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehupfumi hwenyika mumhando huru dzakadai semafuta esilicone, silicone rabha, silicone resin, uye silane coupling agents.